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初中英語現(xiàn)在分詞及過去分詞的用法

日期：2024-03-25 10:16 點擊：

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1
分詞作狀語
 
1、分詞在句子中作狀語，可以表示時間、條件、原因、結(jié)果（補充說明）、讓步、伴隨等。分詞做狀語時，它的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致。作狀語的分詞相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。
① Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
② Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.
③ The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
④ Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
⑤He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness.　

 

2、分詞在句子中作狀語，使用何種分詞，要取決于分詞與句子主語的關(guān)系：主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，動賓或被動關(guān)系用過去分詞。
① Not having enough hands, we turned to them for help. (we don't have enough hands)　　
② Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us)
③ Inspired by Leifeng, the people in China worked very hard to achieve their modernization.
 
3、“while ( when, once, until, if , though等連詞)＋分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞作狀語時，有時可以在分詞前加while，when, once, although, until, if等連詞。例如：
① When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.
② While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work.　
 
2
分詞作定語
 
分詞作定語時，單個的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前，分詞短語一般置于所修飾的中心詞后面。現(xiàn)在分詞修飾的是發(fā)出該動作的名詞(與名詞有主謂關(guān)系)，過去分詞修飾承受該動作的名詞(與名詞是動賓關(guān)系)。例如：
① This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
② We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
③After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.
④More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.
⑤The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack.
3
分詞作賓語補足語
 
1、現(xiàn)在分詞在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官動詞和look at, listen to等短語動詞以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役動詞后面與名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，作賓語補語的成分。例如：　
① On the top of the hill, we could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the village.
② The boy sat beside the railway line and watched the trains roaring by.
③ We should not leave him wondering what he should do.　　
④ I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.
⑤ I caught him doing something else in class.　
 
2、過去分詞可以在allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge動詞等后面作賓語補足語。例如：　
① You should keep her informed of what is going on here.
② I expected you well prepared for the examination.
 
3、在動詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe, listen to, look at后既可用現(xiàn)在分詞做補語,也可用不定式做補語。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行,用不定式表示的動作的全過程已經(jīng)完成。例如：
① I saw Mr. White get off a bus.
② I saw Mr. White looking into a shop window.
③—Do you hear someone knocking at the door?
   —Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.
4
分詞作表語
 
分詞作表語通?？醋餍稳菰~來用。現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)，而且主語多為物；過去分詞表示主語的心理感受或狀態(tài)，主語多為人。
1.The film “Harry Potter” is really exciting, and I am excited about it.
2.His response to the question was quite disappointing. I really felt disappointed at his response.

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